滇东石林地区早一中二叠世Globivalvulina有孔虫动物群

对云南石林地区早一中二叠世地层剖面中的Globivalvulina(球瓣虫属)化石系统研究结果表明,栖霞组含16种,茅口组含有13种,两组中物种相似度可达92%.种级分异度变化显示,栖霞组的种以增加趋势为主,茅口组则以减少为趋势.总体上这一时期Globivalvulina动物群物种上升高峰仅有一次,出现在栖霞组中上部;而下降高潮有两次,第一次出现于栖霞组上部与茅口组底部界线附近,第二次是茅口组顶部.后一次下降幅度远大于前者,可能与中二叠世末期有孔虫动物群演化事件有关.     

刘家峡水库网箱养鱼场纤毛虫群落特征

2006年3月至2007年2月, 用活体观察法和直接计数法对刘家峡水库网箱养鱼场纤毛虫群落进行了研究.共鉴定到77种纤毛虫, 其中包括4个未定名种, 隶属于3纲11目34科43属.下毛目为优势类群, 前口目为次优势类群, 异毛目为偶见类群.善变膜袋虫、长圆膜袋虫、珍珠映毛虫、钩刺斜管虫和大口瞬目虫为春季群落优势种; 善变膜袋虫、颗粒膜袋虫和珍珠映毛虫为夏季群落优势种; 颗粒膜袋虫和善变膜袋虫为秋季群落优势种; 冬季无明显优势种.纤毛虫物种数的周年动态呈单峰型, 8、9月份物种数最多, 有52种, 3月份最少, 只有18种; 物种数的季节动态为: 夏季＞秋季＞春季＞冬季.纤毛虫丰度的周年动态呈三峰型, 高峰分别出现在4月、6月和9月份, 5月份采样前夕水库调水导致丰度骤降是造成三峰型的主要原因; 纤毛虫丰度的季节动态为: 夏季＞秋季＞春季＞冬季.纤毛虫物种多样性指数的周年动态为: 8月份最大, 3月份最小.相关性分析结果表明, 对网箱养鱼场纤毛虫物种数影响最大的因子是水温, 其次是透明度和pH值, 投放饲料量的影响最小; 对网箱养鱼场纤毛虫丰度影响最大的是投放饲料量, 其次是水温和pH值, 透明度的影响最小.     

Effects of dietary copper on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fiber characteristics in cashmere goats during the cashmere slow-growing period

Thirty-six 2.5-year-old wether Inner Mongolian White Cashmere Goats (IMWG) (BW = 42.7 ± 3.44 kg) were used to determine the effects of dietary copper (Cu) concentration on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fiber characteristics during the cashmere slow-growing period. Wethers were stratified by weight and randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, which included a control diet containing 5.60 mg Cu/kg DM, the control diet supplied, respectively, with 10, 20 and 30 mg Cu/kg DM (total dietary Cu level of 5.60, 15.6, 25.6 and 35.6 mg/kg DM). The experiment lasted 50 days including a 10-day preliminary trial and 10-day metabolism trial. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) did not differ among treatment groups (P > 0.05), except that the supplement providing 30 mg Cu/kg DM decreased average daily gain and gain efficiency (P < 0.05). Copper supplementation had no influence on digestibility of DM, CP and ADF (P > 0.05), however, NDF digestibility of the treatment group supplemented with 30 mg Cu/kg DM was lower compared with that of other groups (P < 0.05). Length and growth rate of cashmere fiber were higher in the treatment group supplemented with 20 mg Cu/kg DM compared with other groups (P < 0.05), but cashmere diameter was not affected by Cu supplementation (P > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of Cu at the levels of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg DM to the basal diet containing 5.60 mg Cu/kg DM had no influence on ADFI or nutrient digestibility of DM, CP and ADF in cashmere goats, while 30 mg Cu/kg DM supplementation had a negative effect on growth performance and NDF digestibility. However, 20 mg Cu/kg DM supplementation of the basal diet enhanced cashmere growth. Hence, the appropriate supplemental level during the cashmere slow-growing period is deemed to be 20 mg Cu/kg DM (total dietary Cu level of 25.6 mg/kg DM).     

Effect of ecological engineering on the nutrient content of surface sediments in Lake Taihu, China

Ecological engineering was carried out in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu beginning in 2003 in order to improve water quality. There were two main objectives: to improve the growth environment for macrophytes, and to restore macrophyte assemblages. We examined surface sediments once per month beginning in April 2005 to study the response of sediment nutrient content to the ecological engineering. Average total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in the surface sediments were 7043 and 1370 mg kg⁻¹, respectively, in May 2005, while after 1 year, TN concentration was reduced to 2929 mg kg⁻¹ and TP concentration was reduced to 352 mg kg⁻¹. We conclude that ecological engineering can lower the nutrient content in surface sediments when it is used to improve water quality.     

Comparison of glutathione peroxidase 1 and iodothyronine deiodinase 1 mRNA expression in murine liver after feeding selenite or selenized yeast

The experiment was conducted to compare the effect of different selenium sources on the expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and iodothyronine deiodinase 1 (Dio1) mRNA in mice by quantitative real-time PCR. A total of 60 male Kunming mice at average body weight of 20 g were allotted to three groups in a randomized complete block design, namely two treatments and one control. Mice in Group 1 were fed a basal diet as control, while mice in Groups 2 and 3 were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.1 mg/kg selenium as sodium selenite or selenized yeast, respectively. Whole feeding experiment lasted for 30 d. At the end of the feeding trial, liver mRNA levels of GPx1 and Dio1 were determined by quantitative real-time PCR, as well as growth performance, body composition, blood and GPx activity were determined. The results showed that no significant differences in overall growth performance and body composition, including body weight, body length, heart weight, kidney weight and liver weight, were found between the experimental groups (P>0.05). Blood GPx activity increased in all of the selenium supplemented groups compared with control group (P<0.01). However, blood GPx activity in selenized yeast group was higher than that in sodium selenite group (P<0.05). Liver mRNA levels of GPx1 and Dio1 also increased in the two selenium supplemented groups compared with the control group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the sodium selenite and selenized yeast groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, selenium increased the mRNA expression of GPx1 and Dio1 genes in murine liver, and there was no significant difference between the organic or inorganic form of selenium used.     

A micro-potentiometric hemoglobin immunosensor based on electropolymerized polypyrrole–gold nanoparticles composite

We report a novel micro-potentiometric hemoglobin (Hb) immunosensor based on electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole (PPy)–gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) composite. PPy–AuNPs film with AuNPs uniformly distributed in it was deposited on gold electrode surface by a simple and direct procedure, without the addition of any nanoparticles or reducing agent. And this generic method makes it possible to deposite different polymers on miniaturized electrodes. With the existence of AuNPs, the antibody immobilization onto the electrode surface was facilitated. Morphology study by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) confirms the presence of AuNPs in PPy. Based on an ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) integrated chip, a micro-potentiometric immunosensor for Hb and hemoglobin-A1c (HbA1c) has been constructed. The sensor response was linear over the concentration range 60–180 μg/ml Hb and 4–18 μg/ml HbA1c. The Hb concentration in whole blood samples has also been analysed, with a linear dose–response behavior between 125 and 197 μg/ml and a sensitivity of 0.20 mV μg⁻¹ ml. The measuring ranges of the developed Hb and HbA1c immunosensors meet the clinical demand for measuring the HbA1c/Hb ratio of 5–20%. This sensor results in simple and rapid differential measurement of Hb and HbA1c, and has great potential to become an inexpensive and portable device for monitoring of diabetes.     

The anti-inflammatory activities of Tanshinone IIA, an active component of TCM, are mediated by estrogen receptor activation and inhibition of iNOS

Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a major compound extracted from a traditional herbal medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE, which is used to treat cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and postmenopausal syndrome. It has also been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity. Since Tan IIA has a similar structure to that of 17β-estradiol (E₂), the present study was undertaken to characterize the estrogenic activity of Tan IIA and to demonstrate a functional role of this activity in RAW 264.7 cells. In transient transfection assay, Tan IIA (10 μM) increases ERE-luciferase activity in an estrogen receptor (ER) subtype-dependent manner when either ERα or ERβ were co-expressed in Hela cells. In LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, Tan IIA exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibition of iNOS gene expression and NO production, as well as inhibition of inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) expression via ER-dependent pathway. Therefore, it could serve as a potential selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) to treat inflammation-associated neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases without increasing the risk of breast cancer.